环境规制、技术创新与出口质量

——基于制造业动态面板数据的实证分析^[1]

谢靖，廖涵

（中南财经政法大学 经济学院，湖北 武汉 430073）

摘要：现有文献关于环境规制与贸易竞争力的研究主要基于传统比较优势，而随着垂直专业化分工的逐渐深入，传统比较优势已不能真实反映一国的贸易竞争力水平。鉴于此，本文从质量竞争力的角度出发，利用2000~2011年中国27个制造业行业的动态面板数据，运用SYS-GMM方法实证检验了环境规制对出口质量的影响机制。研究得出：环境规制对制造业行业的出口质量会产生先降低再提高的“U”型动态影响，并且这一影响在不同污染排放强度的行业存在差异，重度污染行业的环境规制与出口质量之间存在显著的“U”型关系，而轻度污染行业的环境规制对出口质量并无显著影响；基于中国的技术创新方式存在“取易创难”的特征，在环境规制约束下，技术引进显著促进了出口质量升级，而自主研发却起到了抑制作用。本文的研究为政府实施适度的环境规制和采取差异化的环境规制工具提供了政策启示。

关键词：环境规制；技术创新；出口质量；制造业；SYS-GMM

Environmental Regulation, Technological Innovation and the Quality of Export Products

——An Empirical Analysis Bsaed on Dynamic Panel Data of Manufacturing

Abstract:The existing literature on environmental regulation and export competitiveness is mainly based on the traditional comparative advantage, which can not truly reflect the level of a country's export competitiveness with the gradual deepening of vertical specialization. Hence, from the perspective of quality competitiveness, based on the panel data of 27 manufacturing industries in China for years 2000~2011, this paper uses SYS-GMM empirical method to analyze the effects of environmental regulation on the quality of export products. The major findings of this paper lie below: there is a U-shaped dynamic relationship between environmental regulation and the quality of export products in all industries and high pollution industries, while there is no significant effect of environmental regulation on the quality of export productsin the low pollution industries. Under the restriction of environmental regulation, technology introduction has greatly promoted quality upgrading of export products,while independent R&D has played a role in inhibition,Since Chinese enterprises prefer technology introduction to independent R&D to find innovations. Based on the above findings, this paper provides some policy enlightenments for the government to implement appropriate environmental regulation and adopt differentiatedenvironmental regulation tools.

Keywords: environmental regulation Technological Innovationquality of export productsmanufacturingSYS-GMM

^[1]谢靖（第一作者）：中南财经政法大学经济学院，博士研究生，研究方向：国际贸易理论与政策，通信地址：湖北省武汉市东湖新技术开发区南湖大道182号，邮政编码：430073，联系电话：15377585968，邮箱：249535703@qq.com。

廖涵（第二作者）：中南财经政法大学经济学院，教授博导，博士。